Lab-created diamonds possess identical chemical composition ($sp^3$ crystallized carbon), optical refractive index (2.42), and Mohs hardness (10) as earth-mined diamonds.
1. Growth Methods & Gemological Identification
CVD vs. HPHT Growth Techniques
High-Pressure High-Temperature (HPHT) recreates mantle geological forces using cubic presses, often leaving metallic flux inclusions. Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) grows carbon layer-by-layer from methane gas, identified via photoluminescence spectroscopy.
- Price & Retained Value: Lab-grown diamonds trade at 85–90% discounts relative to natural mined equivalents due to manufacturing scaling.
- Ethical & Environmental Factors: Zero mining displacement, though energy consumption depends heavily on the production facility's regional grid.